Recordings – Commercial Audio
Artist(s) name, initial(s). (year) Album Title [medium], Place of distribution: Distribution company.
Ó Súilleabháin, M. (1990) Casadh / Turning [CD], London: Venture Records.
… (Ó Súilleabháin 1990) …
Sheet Music
Composer(s) name, initial(s). (year of current publication) Title of Score [music score], Notes on version of the score, Place of publication: Publisher.
Beethoven, L. (1997) Sonata no.1 in F major, Opus 5, No.1: for cello and piano [music score], edited by Pierre Fournier, New York: International Music.
… (Beethoven 1997) …
When referring to a score from a collection, place the score title in single quotes and the collection title in italics.
Composer(s) name, initial(s). (year of current publication) ‘Title of music score’, in Title of Collection [music score], Place of publication: Publisher.
Mozart, W.A. (1968) ‘Eine Kleine Nachtmusik K525’ in Facsimile Series of Music Manuscripts: Serenades K525 [music score], New York: Dover Publications.
… (Mozart 1968) …
Press Release
Author of press release (year of publication) Title [press release], date, available: web address [accessed date].
University of Limerick (2011) Dalai Lama visits UL [press release], 14 Apr, available: http://www.conference.ul.ie/cat_news.jsp?i=104&gc=13&p=102&n=221 [accessed 15 Jul 2016].
... (University of Limerick 2011) ...
Radio / Television – Interview or Contribution
Contributor name, initial(s). (year) Interview on Title of Programme [format], Name of Channel, Date of transmission, time of transmission.
Ahern, B. (1999) Interview on Morning Ireland [radio], RTE Radio 1, 15 Feb, 08:30.
... (Ahern 1999) ...
Radio / Television – Programme
Programme Title (year) Name of Channel, Date of transmission, time of transmission.
Primetime (2005) RTE 1, 31 Mar, 21:30.
... (Primetime 2005) ...
For television programmes accessed on disk, storage device or via streaming service, see below.
Radio / Television – Advertisement
Company (year) Description of advert [Television/radio advertisement], (duration), channel/station, screened/aired dates.
Coca Cola (2006) Santa handing bottles of Coca Cola to a girl every year at Christmas from childhood to adulthood [Television advertisement] (00:00:30), ITV3, screened 01 Dec 2006 - 25 Dec 2006.
... (Coca Cola 2006) ...
Speech Delivered Live
If you were there to hear the speech you do not have to provide access details however if you listened to the speech online you need to provide the web address and date accessed (see 4.9.6).
Speaker(s) name, initial(s). (year of speech) Title [or description where no title is available] of speech [speech], date, place.
King, M.L., Jnr. (1963) I have a dream [speech] 28 Aug, Washington D.C.
… (King 1963) ...
Speech Accessed after the Event
Speaker(s) name, initial(s). (year of speech) Title [or description where no title is available] of speech [speech], date, place, available: web address [accessed date].
Kennedy, J.F. (1962) Address at Rice University on the nation's space effort [speech] 12 Sep, Houston, Texas, available: http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/MkATdOcdU06X5uNHbmqm1Q.aspx [accessed 05 Jul 2016].
… (Kennedy 1962) ….
Film on Disk / Storage Device / Streaming
Director name, initial(s). (year of distribution) Title of Film [format], Place of Distribution: Distribution Company.
McDonagh, J.M. (2011) The guard [DVD], Dublin: Element Pictures.
… (McDonagh 2011) …
Give the publication medium in square brackets after the title, e.g. [film], [DVD], [video]. [blu-ray],… If you have streamed the film use the supplier name e.g. [Netflix].
Microfilm / Microfiche / CD ROM
Author(s) name, initial(s). (year of publication) ‘Title of article’, Title of Source [format], volume number or date, page number(s).
Mason, W.S. (1813) Parochial survey of Ireland [microfiche], 2, 5.
... (Mason 1813) ...
Give the publication medium in square brackets after the source title, e.g. [CD ROM], [microfilm], [microfiche].
Podcast
Broadcaster (year of posting) ‘Programme title’, Series Title if applicable [podcast], date of transmission, available: web address [accessed date].
Newstalk (2016) ‘Marching on’, Documentary On Newstalk [podcast], 02 Jul, available: http://www.newstalk.com/podcasts/Documentary_on_Newstalk/Newstalk_Documentaries/147637/Documentary_On_Newstalk_Marching_On [accessed 15 Jul 2016].
… (Newstalk 2016) …
To reference a point on an audio track use the format above and include the time at the end of the citation. Time should be in the 24-hour clock in the format hh:mm:ss. Use the time to an appropriate granularity i.e. the seconds value may not be needed or available.
… (Newstalk 2016, 00:03:21) …
Online Video
Screen name of contributor (year of posting) ‘Video Title’, Series Title if applicable [video], available: web address [accessed date].
Web of Science Training (2016) ‘Saving marked lists’, Web of Science Core Collection [video], available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3KKUB8xIxw [accessed 09 Apr 2016].
... (Web of Science Training 2016) ...
To reference a frame from an online video use the format above and include the time at the end of the citation. Time should be in the 24-hour clock in the format hh:mm:ss. Use the time to an appropriate granularity i.e. the seconds value may not be needed or available.
... (Web of Science Training 2016, 00:01:40) ...
Case Study
Author(s) name, initial(s). (year) Title of Case [case], Place of Publication: Publisher.
Gould, R.M. (1994) Revolution at Oticon A/S (B): acquiring change competence in a “Spaghetti” organization [case], Lausanne: International Management Development Institute.
… (Gould 1994) …
Conference Paper – Published
Author(s) name, initial(s). (year of publication) ‘Title of the contribution/paper’, in Name(s) of Editor(s) or Chair(s) of the Conference, ed.(s) [or chair(s)] if applicable, Title of the Conference Proceedings, Location of conference, date of conference, Place of Publication [if available]: Publisher, page numbers, available: doi/web address [if available online] [accessed date if no DOI or handle].
Boehs, G. and Vieira, M.L.H. (2014) 'Stereoscopic image quality in virtual environments', in Verly, J.G. and Embrechts, J.-J., chairs, 2014 International Conference on 3D Imaging (IC3D), Liège, Belgium, 09-10 Dec, Piscataway, New Jersey: IEEE, 1-8, available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IC3D.2014.7032573.
… (Boehs and Vieira 2014) …
Conference Paper – Unpublished
Author(s) name, initial(s). (year) ‘Title of the contribution/paper’, accepted for/presented at Title of the Conference, conference date.
Lægreid, T., Sandal, P.C., Ingvaldsen, J.E. and Gulla, J.A. (2006) ‘Using business process models to retrieve information from governing documents’, presented at 9th International Conference on Business Information Systems (BIS2006), 31 May - 02 Jun.
... (Lægreid et al. 2006) ...
Conference Poster
Author(s) name, initial(s). (year) ‘Title of poster’ [poster], accepted for/presented at Title of the Conference, conference date.
Webb, S. and Marsh, I. (2013) ‘Perceptions of an occupational therapy service in a special educational setting: a mixed method approach’ [poster], presented at 37th Annual Conference and Exhibition of the College of Occupational Therapists, 18-20 Jun.
... (Webb and Marsh 2013) ...
Pre-Print
A pre-print is the version a paper which has been submitted for publication but has not yet undergone editing or peer review.
Author(s) name, initial(s). (year) ‘Title of the paper’, submitted to/accepted for publication in Title of Journal, Volume(Issue number), [or] date/month of publication [in the absence of volume and issue], page number(s), pre-print number and prefix, available: doi or web address [accessed date].
Dragulescu, A. and Yakovenko, V.M. (2000) ‘Statistical mechanics of money’, accepted for publication in The European Physical Journal B, 17, 723-729, arXiv:cond-mat/001432v4, available: http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0001432.pdf [accessed 06 Jul 2016].
… (Dragulescu and Yakovenko 2000) …
Working Paper
Author(s) name, initial(s). (year) ‘Title of the paper’, Working Paper Series Title, No. Working Paper Number, available: doi/web address [if available online] [accessed date if no DOI or handle].
Stinebrickner, T.R. and Stinebrickner, R. (2007) ‘The causal effect of studying on academic performance’, NBER Working Paper, No. 13341, available: http://www.nber.org/papers/w13341 [accessed 05 Aug 2016].
… (Stinebrickner and Stinebrickner 2007) …
Slideshare Presentation
Author(s) name, initial(s). (year of publication) ‘Title of presentation’ [Slideshare], presented at Title of the Conference, conference date, available: web address [accessed date].
Dalton, M. (2013) 'Diagnosing information literacy' [Slideshare], presented at CONUL ACIL Annual Information Literacy Seminar, 11 Jun, available http://www.slideshare.net/mishdalton/diagnosing-information-literacy [accessed 06 Jul 2016].
… (Dalton 2013) …
Referencing legal materials is complex. There are several specific citation styles. The Law Department recommends the OSCOLA citation system for students of Law in UL. You can find the OSCOLA guidelines at www.legalcitation.ie.
Below are guidelines for non-law students wishing to refer to legal and official publications using Harvard UL.
Act
Title of Act including year, No., s. [if a section has been referred to], City: Publisher, available: web address [accessed date] [if available online].
Copyright and Related Rights Act 2000, No.28/2000, s.191, Dublin: Stationery Office, available: http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2000/act/28/enacted/en/html [accessed 05 Aug 2016].
... (Copyright and Related Rights Act 2000) ...
The year is included in italics, as part of the main title.
Judgement
Name of case (year of publication) Volume Number [if available], Law report abbreviation, beginning page number.
O’Donnell -v- Dun Laoghaire Corporation (1991) i.l.r.m. 301.
… (O’Donnell-v-Dun Laoghaire Corporation 1991) …
Check the Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations at www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk for more information on abbreviations.
EU Directive
Institutional origin (e.g. Council Directive (ec)) Year / Legislation number / Institution “of” followed by the date it was passed “on” followed by the title, all in italics, available: web address [accessed date] [if available online].
Council Directive (ec) 2001/29/EC of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society, available: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32001L0029 [accessed 05 Aug 2016].
... (Council Directive 2001/29/EC) ...
The entire reference is in italics (except the web address) and the title of the directive is not capitalised. This is not consistent with standard Harvard guidelines, but is nonetheless correct.
Statutory Instrument
Title of Statutory Instrument including year, S.I. No. of Year, Place of Publication: Publisher, available: web address [accessed date] [if available online].
Land Registration (Fees) (Amendment) Order 2013, S.I. No. 21 of 2013, Dublin: Stationery Office, available: http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2013/si/21/ [accessed 05 Aug 2016].
… (Land Registration (Fees) (Amendment) Order 2013) …
Official Guidance Note
Organisation (year of publication) Title of guidance note, Number and version, Place of Publication: Publisher, available: web address [accessed date] [if available online].
Ireland, Department of Finance (2009) Short listing of works contractors using suitability assessment and random selection, GN 2.3.1.1. v 1.0., Dublin: Department of Finance, available: http://constructionprocurement.gov.ie/wp-content/uploads/GN_2.3.1.1.pdf [accessed 05 Aug 2016].
… (Ireland, Department of Finance 2009) …